Tidslinje Daimler Benz Maybach
1880
1883
August 15: The Kurtz bell-foundry in Stuttgart supplies Gottlieb Daimler with cast-iron components for his first horizontal internal combustion engine. The first experimental high-speed engine with hot tube ignition is tested. October 1: Together with businessman Max Kaspar Rose and commercial agent Friedrich Wilhelm Eßlinger, Karl Benz forms "Benz & Co. Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik, Mannheim" as a general commercial partnership. December 16 and 23: Gottlieb Daimler takes out patents to protect first the "gas engine with hot tube ignition" and, a week later, the "regulation of engine speed by controlling the exhaust valve". The two patents, No. DRP 28022 and No. DRP 28243, provide the basis for the world's first high-speed combustion engine.
1885
April 3: Gottlieb Daimler registers an engine with vertical cylinder as a patent. Daimler has developed the unit jointly with Maybach on the basis of his 1883 horizontal test engine. The engine, registered as Patent No. DRP 34926, represents a new type of design, as the crankshaft and flywheel are enclosed in an oil and dust-proof crankcase. August 29: Gottlieb Daimler is granted a patent for the "riding car" with a "gas or petroleum engine" (No. DRP 36423). The test vehicle, producing 0.5 hp, becomes the world's first motorcycle. In November Adolf Daimler, one of Gottlieb Daimler's sons, completes the first journey from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, reaching speeds of up to 12 km/h. October: Karl Benz test-drives the first model of his three-wheeled motor car in Mannheim.
1886
January 29: Karl Benz registers his three-wheeler "vehicle with gas engine" as a patent. Patent No. DRP 37435 effectively becomes the "birth certificate" of the automobile. March 8: Gottlieb Daimler orders a carriage from "Wilhelm Wimpff & Sohn" in Stuttgart. Later that year his high-speed engine is fitted into the carriage at Maschinenfabrik Esslingen - thus creating the first Daimler four-wheeled motor vehicle. March 25: Gottlieb Daimler is granted Patent DRP 36811 for his surface carburetor. July 3: The "Neue Badische Landeszeitung" regional newspaper reports on the first public demonstration of the three-wheeler developed by Karl Benz, which takes place on the Mannheim ring road. September 5: The local Mannheim newspaper ("Generalanzeiger der Stadt Mannheim") carries a lengthy report about the motor car developed by Karl Benz and announces that "Herr Benz now intends to commence building such vehicles." October / November: The marine engine registered by Daimler under Patent No. DRP 39367 allows the first public tests on the River Neckar and Waldsee Lake near Baden-Baden to go ahead. Benz purchases a 4,000 square meter site in Mannheim's Waldhofstraße for the purpose of setting up manufacturing operations.
1887
Spring: Karl Benz sells one of his first three-wheeler motor cars to Emile Roger, Paris. September 27: Gottlieb Daimler presents a miniature tram at the Cannstatt People's Festival. The vehicle is powered by a 1-cylinder Daimler engine and plies between Wilhelmsplatz and the Kursaal. October: Gottlieb Daimler presents his motor draisienne to the public in Baden-Baden. Karl Benz completes construction of his first motor boat. At the same time Gottlieb Daimler tries out his motor boat on the River Neckar. Gottlieb Daimler purchases a 3,000 square meter factory site with warehouse at 67 Ludwigstraße on Seelberg Hill in Cannstatt. This marks the end of his experiments in the summer-house (now the Daimler Memorial) of his villa in Taubenheimstrasse.
1888
Spring: French engineer and designer Emile Roger is granted exclusive distribution rights in France for vehicles and engines from Benz & Co. in Paris. July 29: Gottlieb Daimler registers his "self-propelling fire pump" at the Imperial Patent Office (No. DRP 46779). The first test model with a 1 hp one-cylinder engine is followed by a 4 hp two-cylinder variant, which causes quite a stir when it is exhibited at the German Fire Brigade Conference in Hanover. August: Bertha Benz, together with her two sons Eugen and Richard, undertakes the first long-distance journey in automotive history. She drives an 1888 model Benz patent motor car (three-wheeler) from Mannheim to Pforzheim via Heidelberg, Bruchsal and Durlach, returning via Bretten and Bruchsal. August 10: Leipzig bookseller Dr. Friedrich Hermann Wölfert sets off from Seelberg Hill to Kornwestheim in an airship powered by a Daimler 1-cylinder engine producing 4 hp at 535 rpm. September 12: At the Munich "Exhibition of Engines and Working Machines" Karl Benz gives a public demonstration of his patent motor car, and is awarded the Gold Medal for his new design. September 29: After acquiring the necessary Daimler patents for the USA, piano manufacturer William Steinway sets up the "Daimler Motor Company" on Long Island, New York.
1889
Gottlieb Daimler presents his new 2-cylinder V-engine, which produces 1.5 hp at 600 rpm. The two cylinders are arranged at an angle of 17° to each other. This type of engine is used in particular for powering small, two-seater vehicles and is granted Patent DRP 50839 on June 9, 1889. The 2-cylinder engine is also installed in the "steel-wheeled motor car" designed by Daimler and Maybach, which, for the first time, incorporates a four-speed toothed-wheel gearbox. At the Paris World Exhibition, at which a Benz patent motor car is also exhibited, Daimler presents his 2-cylinder V-engine and the "steel-wheeled motor car". This marks the birth of the French automobile industry. December 12: After signing license agreements with Daimler, the French company Panhard & Levassor delivers one of the first Daimler engines built in France to Barcelona.
1890
Spring: Wilhelm Maybach designs the first 4-cylinder four-stroke engine. Weighing 153 kg and producing 5 hp at 620 rpm, it is destined for use in boats. November 28: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) is officially recorded by a notary in Stuttgart. Gottlieb Daimler, Max v. Duttenhofer and Wilhelm Lorenz had already signed a preliminary contract on March 14. Benz & Co. starts series production of marine engines. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft collaborates with Maschinenfabrik Esslingen in testing 10-20 hp engines to power the railway system.
1891
February 11: Wilhelm Maybach leaves Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft but continues to work on the development of engines and automobiles, at first using his home as a workshop. March 2: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft is recorded in the Commercial Register of Companies. William Steinway's "Daimler Motor Co." starts to manufacture America's first working motor car engine under license in Hartford, Connecticut/USA, according to Gottlieb Daimlers original blueprints. Karl Benz embarks on the design of the four-wheeled "Victoria" car - turning his back on the three-wheeled design used hitherto.
1892
September 13: Wilhelm Maybach applies for patents on his belt drive with gearchange (Patent DRP 68492, 70577, 75069) and flywheel cooling (Patent DRP 70260). The patents are granted between May 1893 and May 1894 and the inventions incorporated into the "Belt-driven Car". October: On behalf of his business partner Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach rents the garden room of the former Hotel Hermann in Cannstatt, where he, twelve workers and five apprentices continue their design work. The first development is the "Phoenix" engine. This has two parallel cylinders cast in one block and a camshaft for controlling the exhaust valves. The "Phoenix" is later used both for road vehicles and for ships and airships.
1893
February 28: Benz is granted Patent No. DRP 73515 for a double-pivot steering system by the Imperial Patent Office and shortly afterwards starts to construct four-wheeled "Victoria" cars. May 26: British businessman Frederick Richard Simms founds "Daimler Motor Syndicate Ltd." in London. Although the company does not, at first, manufacture its own vehicles, this event marks the birth of the British automobile industry. May 1 - October 31: At the World Exhibition in Chicago, Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft presents the first fully operational automobile to be shown publicly in the USA. The model exhibited is a modified version of the "steel-wheeled motor car". Gottlieb Daimler visits the World Exhibition during his honeymoon with his second wife, Lina. Wilhelm Maybach develops the spray jet carburetor - the precursor to the modern carburetor.
1894
The Benz "Velo" ("Velocipede") patent motor car becomes the world's first series production automobile. July 16 - 22 / August 22 - 31: Theodor von Liebieg undertakes the first long-distance journey in the history of motoring in his Benz "Victoria". The 939 km route starts from Reichenberg in Bohemia and continues via Mannheim to Gondorf, on the river Mosel. July 22: The first car race (as a reliability test) is held between Paris and Rouen. There are 21 starters, of which 15 complete the course. 9 of the vehicles involved are equipped with Panhard-Levassor engines under license from Daimler and one is a Benz 3 hp "Vis-à-Vis". October 10: Gottlieb Daimler temporarily leaves Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and officially relinquishes his shares in the company. He and Wilhelm Maybach continue their work designing automobiles in the Hotel Hermann in Cannstatt.
1895
March 18: The world's first motor powered omnibus, ordered on December 19, 1894 and manufactured by Benz & Co. in Mannheim, goes into service between the villages of Siegen, Netphen and Deuz. However, adverse weather conditions combined with technical problems lead to the service being discontinued in December that year. November 2: The first motor car race in the USA takes place over a distance of 92 miles between Chicago and Vaukegan and back to Chicago. Out of the two competitors only Oscar Mueller - in a Benz - completes the race. November 21: With the participation of Henry Lawson, "Daimler Motor Syndicate, Ltd." becomes "British Motor Syndicate, Ltd." with capital of £ 150,000. The new company acquires the British Daimler and Maybach patents for 350,000 Marks. Fredrick Simms made it a pre-condition of the transaction that Daimler and Maybach return to Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft by November 8. December 21: Delivery of the 1,000th Daimler engine is celebrated with a ceremony in Daimler's garden.
1896
January 14: Henry Lawson founds "Daimler Motor Company Ltd." which acquires the rights for the use of the Daimler patents from "British Motor Syndicate, Ltd." and starts production in Coventry in May the following year. This is the oldest automobile plant in Great Britain. April 2: Benz & Co. open a branch in Stuttgart. June 26: Haulage contractor Friedrich Greiner orders a Daimler "Victoria" equipped with a taximeter in order to operate a "Motorized Carriage Service" in Stuttgart - the world's first motorized taxi service. October 1: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft in Cannstatt delivers its first truck with a 2-cylinder, 4 hp engine and a 1,500 kg payload to "British Motor Syndicate, Ltd." in London. Karl Benz develops the first "Delivery Car" based on a Velo chassis.
1897
Summer: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft presents the "Phoenix" car, the company's first vehicle with the engine located at the front end. This four-wheeled motorized carriage has a 2-cylinder Phoenix engine generating 4 hp, a tube radiator and a four-speed toothed-wheel gear change. June 16: Friedrich Greiner takes delivery of a Daimler "Victoria" equipped with a taximeter. It is the world's first motorized taxi. Benz & Co. develops the first 2-cylinder "contra" engine with horizontally opposed cylinders. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft develops a commercial vehicle range entitled "Daimler Business Car". It embraces 5 types of engine with 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hp designed for payloads of 500, 800, 1,200 and 2,000 kg. In Berlin the first German Automobile Club - the "Mitteleuropäischer Motorwagen Verein" - is founded. Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz are among the co-founders. Austro-Hungarian businessman Emil Jellinek receives his first Daimler vehicle, which he had ordered during a visit to Cannstatt. He soon becomes involved in selling Daimler cars and calls on Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft to supply him faster cars with increasingly powerful engines.
1898
June 13 - July 3: At the Motor Show in Paris Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach present a new generation of trucks for 5 ton payloads. They have a longitudinal four-stroke engine at the front under a bonnet, with toothed-wheel gears and rear-wheel drive. July 21 - 25: A Daimler belt-driven car fitted with Bosch low voltage magneto ignition undertakes a five-day test drive through the Austrian Alps. The electric ignition is subsequently built into several DMG trucks. The experience gained through these developments soon clears the way for the replacement of the hot tube ignition system hitherto characteristic of Daimler engine construction. August: "Daimler Manufacturing Company", in which "General Electric Co." has a significant holding, is founded in Long Island City, New York and takes over the business activities of "Daimler Motor Company". September 12: The world's first four-cylinder road vehicle, a Daimler "Phoenix" Phaeton, is delivered to Emil Jellinek. The 2.1 liter "Phoenix" engine designed by Maybach delivers 8 hp at 720 rpm. October 2: A Daimler motor omnibus with seating for ten passengers and powered by a 10 hp, 2-cylinder engine, goes into service between Künzelsau and Mergentheim (in the federal state of Württemberg). The private omnibus service is also commissioned to deliver the post along the 30 km route. Thus it becomes the first motorized postal service in Germany, though it is forced out of action again in July 1899. November 3: In Marienfelde, near Berlin, an engineering company founded by Adolf Altmann in 1879 is converted into a public company operating under the name "Motorfahrzeug- und Motorenfabrik Berlin AG". It manufactures motor cars, omnibuses and commercial vehicles under license from Daimler. In 1902 it becomes the Berlin-Marienfelde branch of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft presents its first omnibus range to the public with four basic models: 4, 6, 8 or 10 hp engines for 6 to 16 passengers. For the first time a Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft truck is equipped with a Bosch low-tension magneto ignition. This soon results in the disappearance of the hot tube ignition system which had been characteristic of Daimler engines hitherto.
1899
January 2: Despite rainstorms and soft road surfaces, two Benz cars are the first finishers in the long-distance race between Frankfurt and Cologne. February 17: The first Daimler engine designed for the Graf Zeppelin airship is delivered. The 4.4 liter four-cylinder all-alloy engine (model N) delivers 15 hp at 700 rpm. March 21: Wilhelm Bauer wins the 85 km touring race from Nice to Magagnone and back in a 24 hp, two-seater Daimler Phoenix at an average speed of 34.7 km/h. He is, however, not successful in the speed race or the Nice-La Turbie hill climb. Emil Jellinek, who had registered the Daimler driven by Bauer under his pseudonym "Mercédès", subsequently insists on building a completely new car in Cannstatt which will guarantee victory the following year. May 8: Benz & Co. (OHG) becomes "Benz & Cie. Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik AG Mannheim". In addition to Karl Benz, Julius Ganß, as a member of the Board, becomes commercial manager. On June 8 the firm is recorded in the Commercial Register of Companies. Production of the first Daimler engine (N series) for a Zeppelin airship (LZ 1) marks the start of a successful period of developing airship engines. The "Österreichische Daimler-Motoren-Kommanditgesellschaft Bierenz, Fischer & Co., Wiener-Neustadt" is set up to represent DMG in Austria-Hungary. Its own production activities are relatively modest and confined to assembling delivered components.
1900
March 6: Gottlieb Daimler dies at the age of 65 in Cannstatt. March 26-30: Competing in the Nice Week racing festival are several newly designed 24 hp Daimler Phoenix racing cars. Emil Jellinek enters two cars registered, as in the previous year, under his pseudonym "Mercédès". During the Nice-La Turbie hill race, company driver Wilhelm Bauer in "Mercédès I" is killed when he comes out of a bend and drives straight into a wall. Co-driver Hermann Braun, who had already turned over "Mercédès I" during the Nice-Marseilles race, escapes unhurt. The tragic incident causes Jellinek to call for the development of a lighter vehicle with a longer wheelbase and lower center of gravity. April 2: In Monaco, Emil Jellinek sets up a company for selling Daimler cars and engines. That same month he orders 36 vehicles in Cannstatt for a total price of 550,000 goldmarks - on condition that he is granted exclusive rights to market them under the name of "Mercedes" in Austria-Hungary, France, Belgium and the USA. On June 8, Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft confirms his order. August 14: A contract is signed with the municipality of Untertürkheim for Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft to purchase a 185,000 square meter site on which to build a new plant. September 20: Introduction of the honeycomb radiator (DRP 122 766) - based on the tube radiator introduced by Wilhelm Maybach in 1895. It represents a crucial step towards improving the performance of motor car engines. October: The first examples of the "Paul Daimler Car" are produced at DMG. The small 8 hp two-cylinder car, designed between 1899 and 1900 by Paul Daimler, the oldest son of the company's founder, is only produced in small numbers. November 22: First successful testing of the 35 hp "Mercedes" car. A month later, on December 22, the first car is dispatched to Emil Jellinek in Nice. A workers' relief fund is set up at Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. In addition to stationary engines, Benz & Cie. delivers 603 automobiles, of which 341 go to customers abroad. This makes it the world's biggest automobile factory.
1911
Vår: Trading begins in Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft shares on the Stuttgart stock exchange.
April 23.: At Daytona Beach, Florida/USA, Bob Burman in "Blitzen Benz" clocks up an average speed of 228.1 km/h for the mile from a flying start - the highest speed ever achieved by a road vehicle and a world record which remains unbeaten until 1924.
August: I Berlin, Mercedes flymotorer produsert av Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft vinner avstemmingen om beste motorer under den Tyske langdistanse flytesten. Benz & Cie. supplies a new high-performance "Hesselman System", marine diesel engine for the motor-vessel "Fram" used by Roald Amundsen for his Antarctic expedition
1912
Januar: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft supplies a 14/45 hp Mercedes to the Japanese emperor Yoshihito. This becomes the first automobile in the imperial fleet.
Oktober 1: The 4-cylinder FX Benz aero-engine developed by engineer Arthur Berger is presented to the public.
2.: Ralph de Palma wins the Vanderbilt Race in the USA in a 140 hp Mercedes Grand Prix racing car of 1908. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft acquires a site at "Unter den Linden 50/51" in Berlin for sales and exhibition purposes.
1913
January 27. - 27. januar - Benz & Cie. -
- Benz & Cie.'s 4-cylinder FX Benz aero-engine is awarded the "Kaiserpreis" (Emperor's prize for the best aero-engine). The FX has a cubic capacity of 9.6 liters and a power rating of 105 hp.
April: DMG - DMG sells its stake in "Österreichische Daimler-Motoren-AG" to "Skoda-Werke AG", based in Plzen, Czechoslovakia. This severs the link between DMG and its former subsidiary.
September 30: The new "Mercedes Palace" opens on Unter den Linden Avenue in the center of Berlin.
Desember 22: On the Brooklands circuit in England, L. G. Hornsted sets two world records in a 200 hp Benz, a modified variant of the "Blitzen Benz", - one for the half mile with standing start (113.8 km/h) and one for the kilometer (118.8 km/h).
1914
May: The first units of the Mercedes 28/95 hp, which embodies the tradition at DMG of particularly exclusive and high-performance cars of the highest caliber, leave the Untertürkheim plant. 25 vehicles are delivered by July 1915. Between1920 and 1924 a further 600 of this essentially unaltered model are built. July 4: Christian Lautenschlager wins the French Grand Prix in Lyon in a 115 hp Grand Prix Mercedes whose 4.5 liter engine has two inlet and two outlet valves per cylinder. Second and third places are taken by Louis Wagner and Otto Salzer in the same type of car. This one-two-three against stiff international competition is also the second time DMG has won one of the most important Grand Prix races on the calendar. Benz builds the first German 12-cylinder aero-engine - the Bz DV - weighing 425 kg and producing 250 hp. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft introduce the 12/32 hp Mercedes which is built up to 1919 and mainly supplied as a field ambulance.
1915
May 31: Ralph de Palma wins the Indianapolis Grand Prix in the USA in a 4.5 liter 115 hp Grand Prix Mercedes. July 6/7: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft acquires sites at Böblingen military airport on which to build an aircraft plant at Sindelfingen. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft acquires sites at Untertürkheim and Marienfelde in order to expand its production facilities. The first twin-engined AEG aircraft is fitted with Benz Bz II 150 hp aero-engines. In order to increase its capacity, Benz & Cie. buys a controlling share in "Marta Ungarische Automobil AG" in Arad, where it starts building aero-engines. It also purchases a stake in "Aviatik-Flugzeugwerke".
1916
September 28: Following negotiations with "Flugzeugbau-Friedrichshafen GmbH" an agreement is signed which allows Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft to build aircraft under license and fit them with Daimler engines. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and Benz & Cie. each establish their own apprenticeship department. "Rheinische Automobil-Gesellschaft AG", a sales company for Benz automobiles, and Benz & Cie. merge. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft provides loans of over 5 million Marks to the city of Stuttgart. Aviatik-Flugzeugwerke, which transferred from Freiburg to Leipzig after Benz bought a stake in it, achieves a monthly output of 100 aircraft.
1917
July 1: The Sindelfingen plant is requested to prepare for aero-engine production. The Air Corps inspectors intend to increase production of Mercedes aero-engines and at the same time to decentralize manufacturing operations. Dr. Hans Nibel becomes Deputy Board Member and Wilhelm Kissel is made "Prokurist" [authorized signatory] of Benz & Cie. The Sindelfingen plant is expanded through the acquisition of "Süddeutsche Teppichfabrik". About half the workforce at the Marienfelde plant is involved in truck production. The employee's relief fund set up at Benz & Cie. in 1906 is changed into a relief and pension fund. 1.5 million Marks are also spent on setting up a workers' welfare fund, which is henceforth financed by annual profits. Production of light tanks begins in Untertürkheim - with the engines being supplied from Marienfelde. However, by the end of the First World War a mere 23 tanks have been produced. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft's Berlin-Marienfelde plant - which had produced the first marine diesel engines in 1912 - supplies U-boat engines to the navy. Work begins in Sindelfingen on the first administration building. Initially a one-storey construction, additional floors are added in 1919.
1918
January 1: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft's Sindelfingen plant, which had hitherto been managed from Untertürkheim, becomes an independent operation. March 6: The management of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft is put under military supervision and accused in the civil courts of setting excessively high prices. March: The first Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft production lines in Sindelfingen start to produce aero-engines. A lack of machines means that the first engines are only ready for testing shortly before the end of the war. The eight-hour working day is introduced at Benz & Cie. Fall: A number of test benches for aero-engines are set up at the Sindelfingen plant. December 9: The military authorities drop their accusations of excessively high prices against Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. Between 1914 and 1918 the workforce employed by Benz & Cie. in Mannheim and Gaggenau expands from 7,700 to over 12,000. The balance sheet total increases from 55 to 107 million Marks.
1919
January: A customer magazine entitled "Daimler-Zeitung" appears for the first time, but ceases in December after only seven editions have been published. March: The Sindelfingen workforce goes on strike in order to achieve an inflation bonus. June 6: The "Daimler-Werkzeitung", edited by cultural philosopher Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, appears. The idea of this in-house publication is to inform the workforce about new ways of economic thinking during these times of far-reaching social and political change. On August 26, 1920, one day after the closure of the Untertürkheim plant, it appears for the last time. November 12: The "Daimler-Werksnachrichten" is published as an information bulletin for employees of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft in the Untertürkheim and Sindelfingen factories. It ceases publication in October 1922. In order to make full use of spare capacity at the former aircraft plant in Sindelfingen, vehicle bodies and furniture are produced. During the course of 1919 there are recurrent strikes in all three of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft's factories.
1920
August 25: Following the strike of 1919 in Untertürkheim, there is an escalation of activity by groups of Communist workers, who terrorize their more moderate colleagues and dominate the first statutory Works Council which has just been set up. The government of Württemberg therefore forcibly closes the main plant. September: Production restarts at Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft with a reduced workforce of 4,200. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft trebles its share capital within a period of 8 months to a total of 100 million Marks. In terms of capital resources it is now one of Germany's biggest industrial companies. In order to reduce the risk of excessive foreign control, Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and Maschinenfabrik Esslingen exchange preference shares with 16-fold voting rights. Benz issues preference shares with 12-fold voting rights to a value of 2 million Marks and a 10-year blocking period. Benz & Cie. presents a side-tipping truck to the public.